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Jack cards of all four suits in the English pattern

A Jack or Knave, in some games referred to as a πŸŽ… Bower, in Tarot card games as a Valet, is a playing card which, in traditional French and English decks, pictures πŸŽ… a man in the traditional or historic aristocratic or courtier dress, generally associated with Europe of the 16th or 17th πŸŽ… century. The usual rank of a jack is between the ten and the queen.

History [ edit ]

Knave of coins from πŸŽ… the oldest known European deck ( c. 1390–1410 )

The earliest predecessor of the knave was the thānΔ« nā'ib (second or πŸŽ… under-deputy) in the Mamluk card deck. This was the lowest of the three court cards and like all court cards πŸŽ… was depicted through abstract art or calligraphy. When brought over to Italy and Spain, the thānΔ« nā'ib was made into πŸŽ… an infantry soldier or page ranking below the knight card. In France, where the card was called the valet, the πŸŽ… queen was inserted between the king and knight. The knight was subsequently dropped out of non-Tarot decks leaving the valet πŸŽ… directly under the queen. The king-queen-valet format then made its way into England.

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