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Jack cards of all four suits in the English pattern
A Jack or Knave, in some games referred to as a π Bower, in Tarot card games as a Valet, is a playing card which, in traditional French and English decks, pictures π a man in the traditional or historic aristocratic or courtier dress, generally associated with Europe of the 16th or 17th π century. The usual rank of a jack is between the ten and the queen.
History [ edit ]
Knave of coins from π the oldest known European deck ( c. 1390β1410 )
The earliest predecessor of the knave was the thΔnΔ« nΔ'ib (second or π under-deputy) in the Mamluk card deck. This was the lowest of the three court cards and like all court cards π was depicted through abstract art or calligraphy. When brought over to Italy and Spain, the thΔnΔ« nΔ'ib was made into π an infantry soldier or page ranking below the knight card. In France, where the card was called the valet, the π queen was inserted between the king and knight. The knight was subsequently dropped out of non-Tarot decks leaving the valet π directly under the queen. The king-queen-valet format then made its way into England.
Chip Romig, MMR 423
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